[Evaluation of osteoporosis with ultrasound]

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE: Ultrasound exploration is a new noninvasive technique for evaluating bone strength. In theory, ultrasound parameters vary with bone density, elasticity and microstructure. In clinical practice, bone density is the essential parameter. THEORETICAL BASIS: Several devices are now available for measuring the density of subcutaneous bones. The beam attenuation and velocity from the calcaneum are routinely recorded. DIAGNOSTIC VALUE: Bone density of the calcaneum has good diagnostic value for osteoporosis. Mean values in subjects with fractures are lower than in age-matched controls. Several prospective studies have demonstrated the predictive value showing a significant rise in the risk of femoral neck fractures in subjects with decreased sonographic measurements of the calcaneum. FOR FOLLOW UP: Currently, reproductibility is insufficient for individual follow-up. Ongoing technical advances, with the possibility of ultrasound imaging of the bones, will be useful for follow-up management.