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Abnormal calcifications in the urinary tract

R B Dyer1, M Y Chen, R J Zagoria

  • 1Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.

Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc
|November 20, 1998
PubMed
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Urinary tract calcifications, including kidney stones, vary in appearance and location. Understanding these patterns aids in diagnosing conditions like malignancy and infections.

Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Urology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Calcifications in the urinary tract are common and diverse.
  • Radiographic appearance varies based on composition and location.
  • Specific patterns can suggest underlying pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the varied presentations of urinary tract calcifications.
  • To correlate calcification patterns with specific diseases.
  • To aid in the diagnostic interpretation of urinary tract imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Review of imaging characteristics of urinary tract calcifications.
  • Classification based on location (renal, ureteral, bladder).
  • Correlation of calcification morphology with associated pathologies.

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Main Results:

  • Renal calculi are typically radiopaque; cystine stones less so.
  • Cortical nephrocalcinosis shows spotty or rim calcification.
  • Intracystic calcification may have an "eggshell" appearance.
  • Central renal calcification can indicate malignancy.
  • Ureteral calculi are uniformly radiopaque; phleboliths less opaque centrally.
  • Bladder calculi exhibit diverse morphologies.
  • Urachal carcinoma and schistosomiasis have characteristic calcification patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Urinary tract calcifications present a wide spectrum of appearances.
  • Location and morphology are key to diagnosis.
  • Characteristic patterns can suggest specific pathologic conditions, aiding clinical management.