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Local reflex in microcirculation in human cutaneous tissue

L Henriksen, P Sejrsen

    Acta Physiologica Scandinavica
    |October 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Venous stasis triggers a vasoconstrictor response in skin blood flow via a local sympathetic axon reflex. This mechanism involves sympathetic adrenergic fibers and is independent of nerve blocks but sensitive to local anesthetics.

    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Vascular Biology
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Cutaneous blood flow regulation is crucial for thermoregulation and tissue homeostasis.
    • Understanding the mechanisms behind changes in local blood flow is essential for clinical applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the physiological mechanism underlying the decrease in cutaneous blood flow during venous stasis.
    • To determine the role of local nervous pathways in mediating vasoconstriction in response to increased venous pressure.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the 133Xenon washout technique to measure cutaneous blood flow in normal subjects.
    • Administered local anesthetics (lidocaine) and alpha-adrenergic blockers (phentolamine) to assess their effects on blood flow.
    • Examined responses in patients with chronic sympathectomy to evaluate the sympathetic nervous system's role.

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    Main Results:

    • Venous stasis (40 mmHg) reduced cutaneous blood flow by approximately 35% in normal subjects.
    • The vasoconstrictor response was mediated by local sympathetic adrenergic fibers, likely via an axon reflex.
    • The response was abolished in sympathectomized limbs but present contralaterally, confirming a local nervous mechanism.

    Conclusions:

    • Increased venous transmural pressure during stasis elicits a local vasoconstrictor response.
    • This response is mediated by a sympathetic axon reflex involving adrenergic fibers.
    • The findings highlight a local neurogenic control of cutaneous blood flow in response to venous pressure changes.