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Molecular approaches to evaluate pollutants

M Camatini, P Bonfanti, A Colombo

    Chemosphere
    |December 5, 1998
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Amphibians like Xenopus are effective bioindicators for detecting environmental pollutants. This study shows they can monitor cytochrome P-450 induction and DNA adducts, aiding in risk assessment.

    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Toxicology
    • Biomarker Research
    • Ecotoxicology

    Background:

    • Diverse organisms are employed for pollutant testing, with ongoing research to refine existing and develop new assays.
    • Mixed function oxidase system and DNA adduct formation are established biomarkers in mammals and fish.
    • Amphibians offer a promising model for evaluating these biomarkers.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the efficacy of amphibians as bioindicators against established models.
    • To investigate the utility of cultured cell lines for in vitro pollutant testing.
    • To assess the amphibian Xenopus as an indicator for specific pollutant responses.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the mixed function oxidase system and DNA adduct formation as key biomarkers.

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  • Compared results from amphibian models with existing data from mammals and fish.
  • Employed cultured cell lines to test the effects of the herbicide MCPA.
  • Measured cytochrome P-450 induction and DNA adduct production in Xenopus.

    • Main Results:

    • Xenopus demonstrated suitability as an indicator for both cytochrome P-450 induction by benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and DNA adduct production.
    • In vitro studies using cultured cells identified cytoskeletal array and thiol proteins as molecular targets of the herbicide MCPA.
    • Results suggest amphibians are effective models for ecotoxicological studies.

    Conclusions:

    • The amphibian Xenopus is a valuable bioindicator for assessing exposure to environmental contaminants.
    • In vitro systems using cultured cells can effectively analyze molecular targets and support risk assessment for herbicides.
    • Biomarker strategies in amphibians and cell lines enhance environmental safety evaluations.