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Auditory brainstem responses in a Rhesus Macaque model of neuro-AIDS

L A Raymond1, D Wallace, N E Berman

  • 1Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Smith Mental Retardation and Human Development Research Centre, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160, USA.

Journal of Neurovirology
|December 5, 1998
PubMed
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Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac) infection in rhesus macaques caused auditory brainstem response abnormalities and neuropathology similar to human HIV. This supports macaques as a model for HIV-related neurological disease.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in non-human primates serves as a model for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
  • Neurological complications are a significant concern in HIV disease.
  • Neurovirulent SIV strains can induce pathological changes in the central nervous system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neurological effects of dual SIVmac strain inoculation in rhesus macaques.
  • To assess auditory pathway function using Auditory Brainstem Responses (ABRs) in SIV-infected macaques.
  • To correlate physiological changes with histopathological findings in a primate model of HIV-related neurological disease.

Main Methods:

  • Nine rhesus macaques were inoculated with neurovirulent SIVmac strains (R71 and 17E).

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  • Auditory Brainstem Responses (ABRs) were recorded pre- and post-inoculation.
  • Histopathological examination of brain tissue was performed.
  • Disease progression and latency were monitored.

    • Main Results:

    • Increases in ABR peak and interpeak latencies correlated with SIV disease progression.
    • Significant latency increases were observed for all ABR peaks and interpeak intervals, particularly in end-stage disease.
    • Histopathology revealed multifocal lesions in the brain and auditory structures.
    • Correlation between ABR changes and neuropathology was observed, though not absolute.

    Conclusions:

    • SIVmac R71/17E infection in rhesus macaques mimics physiological and pathological aspects of HIV-related neurological disease in humans.
    • The study validates the use of SIVmac-infected rhesus macaques as a relevant animal model for studying HIV-associated neurological disorders.
    • ABRs are a sensitive tool for monitoring SIV-induced neurological dysfunction in this model.