[Disruption of saturated fatty acids in cells in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension]

Increased resistance to blood flow in arteries is built up by blockade of transport of saturated fatty acids of triglycerides in VLDL to cell through apoE/B-100 receptor endocytosis (active transport). This way does not affect the structure of cell membrane. Blockade of the active transport stimulates the compensating activation of lipolysis increasing the level of free saturated fatty acids in the blood. These fatty acids are included into the cell membrane via passive transport. In the membrane fatty acids form local domains with unregulated permeability and nonspecific ion transport: Na+ and Ca2+ enter into cell without any control and K+ and Mg2+ leak out. Responding cells activate Na+, K(+)- and Ca(2+)-ATPase and cholesterol synthesis. Ion pumps activate Na+ and Ca2+ out-fluxes; cholesterol blocks nonspecific ion permeability, but increases membrane microviscosity and inhibits secondary activity of ion pumps, thus forming vicious circle of hypernatriemia and hypercalciemia disturbing functions of loose connective tissue. They increase cell size, promote synthesis and secretion of collagen and elastin. It has led to wail thickening, elasticity drop and artety clear cross section narrowing. The increase of sensitivity to contractility of smooth muscle cells, hyperreactivity towards pressor regulators and resistance to depressor regulators cause artery spasm, peripheral resistance increases and starts up pathogenesis of essential hypertension.