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FORUM: Enforcement Lessons from the Vienna Übahn

SMITH1

  • 1West Central Regional Office Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 3019 Peters Creek Rd., N.W. Roanoke, Virginia 24019, USA

Environmental Management
|May 18, 1999
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Current environmental enforcement strategies in the United States are failing to improve compliance. A new approach with infrequent, thorough inspections and high penalties is proposed for effective environmental protection.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental science
  • Environmental policy
  • Regulatory compliance

Background:

  • Traditional environmental enforcement and inspection activities in the U.S. have been evaluated for their effectiveness.
  • Existing compliance measures show no statistically significant improvement trends.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the most productive type of environmental enforcement activity.
  • To identify shortcomings in current state-level enforcement systems.
  • To propose a new, more effective environmental enforcement model.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of publications on environmental enforcement effectiveness.
  • Statistical testing of effort and cost measures against compliance outcomes for 39 state National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) programs.

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Main Results:

  • No statistically significant relationships were found between traditional enforcement/inspection efforts and compliance outcomes.
  • Current state enforcement systems appear to be failing to improve compliance trends.

Conclusions:

  • A new environmental enforcement approach is needed, incorporating elements like deterrence, public engagement, and rigorous inspections with substantial penalties.
  • The Vienna Übahn enforcement model offers a potential framework for a more effective system.