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FORUM: Enforcement Lessons from the Vienna Übahn
1West Central Regional Office Virginia Department of Environmental Quality 3019 Peters Creek Rd., N.W. Roanoke, Virginia 24019, USA
Environmental Management
|May 18, 1999
Summary
Current environmental enforcement strategies in the United States are failing to improve compliance. A new approach with infrequent, thorough inspections and high penalties is proposed for effective environmental protection.
Area of Science:
- Environmental science
- Environmental policy
- Regulatory compliance
Background:
- Traditional environmental enforcement and inspection activities in the U.S. have been evaluated for their effectiveness.
- Existing compliance measures show no statistically significant improvement trends.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the most productive type of environmental enforcement activity.
- To identify shortcomings in current state-level enforcement systems.
- To propose a new, more effective environmental enforcement model.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of publications on environmental enforcement effectiveness.
- Statistical testing of effort and cost measures against compliance outcomes for 39 state National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) programs.
Main Results:
- No statistically significant relationships were found between traditional enforcement/inspection efforts and compliance outcomes.
- Current state enforcement systems appear to be failing to improve compliance trends.
Conclusions:
- A new environmental enforcement approach is needed, incorporating elements like deterrence, public engagement, and rigorous inspections with substantial penalties.
- The Vienna Übahn enforcement model offers a potential framework for a more effective system.
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