Reflections on the Michigan splint and other intraocclusal devices

Area of Science:

• Dental Science
• Orthodontics
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Interocclusal devices for temporomandibular disorders (TMD) have historically followed two main paths: stabilization splints and functional orthopedic appliances.
• The distinction between these devices is not always clear, as both influence mandibular position and occlusal stability.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the evolving role and future directions of interocclusal devices in the treatment of TMD and related conditions.
• To evaluate the comparative efficacy and predicted usage trends of different types of interocclusal devices.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature and clinical trends in the use of interocclusal devices for TMD, snoring, and obstructive sleep apnea.
• Analysis of the rationale behind the shift towards conservative and reversible treatment modalities for TMD.

Main Results:

• Stabilization splints and other conservative measures are expected to play a larger role in TMD therapy.
• The use of anterior repositioning devices for TMD is predicted to decrease, with potential for more specific applications in the future.
• Interocclusal devices are increasingly indicated for the treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea.

Conclusions:

• The management of TMD should prioritize non-invasive, reversible therapies, including physiotherapy, pharmacologicals, and stabilization splints.
• While research on interocclusal devices continues, the focus is shifting towards evidence-based, conservative approaches for the majority of TMD patients.
• Preventing or mitigating TMD during dental procedures is crucial, and occlusal adjustment may reduce TMD incidence and severity.