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[Renal polycystosis in pediatrics]
1Unità di Nefrologia Pediatrica, Ospedale Policlinico, Università di Verona, Italia.
Insights
Inherited polycystic kidney disease (PKD) in children, including autosomal recessive (ARPKD) and autosomal dominant (ADPKD) forms, presents with kidney cysts. Prenatal diagnosis is possible via ultrasound, highlighting the need to understand this major cause of pediatric renal failure.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nephrology
- Medical Genetics
- Diagnostic Imaging
Context:
- Inherited polycystic kidney disease (PKD) encompasses both autosomal recessive (ARPKD) and autosomal dominant (ADPKD) forms.
- These conditions present significant diagnostic challenges in the pediatric population due to overlapping clinical and radiographic features.
- PKD is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease in children, underscoring the need for early detection and management.
Purpose:
- To review the current literature on inherited polycystic kidney disease in children.
- To highlight the diagnostic capabilities of ultrasound for prenatal detection.
- To emphasize the importance of understanding the pathophysiology and clinical data of PKD in pediatric patients.
Summary:
- Inherited polycystic kidney disease (PKD) in children is defined by bilateral renal cystic involvement without dysplasia.
- Both ARPKD and ADPKD show significant overlap in pediatric presentation and imaging findings.
- Prenatal diagnosis is achievable through ultrasound examination.
Impact:
- Facilitates early identification of pediatric PKD cases through prenatal ultrasound.
- Enhances understanding of PKD pathophysiology and clinical manifestations in children.
- Aids in the management of a major cause of renal failure in pediatric populations.
Abstract:
Inherited polycystic kidney disease (PKD) in children is a disorder characterized by diffuse cystic involvement of both kidneys, without evidence of dysplasia. Both forms, autosomal recessive (ARPKD) and autosomal dominant (ADPKD) have considerable overlap in clinical presentation and radiographic features in the pediatric population. At present, a prenatal diagnosis is possible with ultrasound examination. A brief review of the literature is here reported. The knowledge of pathophysiological and clinical data is requested, since PKD represents a major cause of renal failure in pediatrics.