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Screening for carbon monoxide in children

R Shenoi¹, G Stewart, N Rosenberg

¹Department of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit 48201, USA.

Pediatric Emergency Care

|January 9, 1999

Summary

A CO breath analyzer effectively detects pediatric carbon monoxide (CO) exposure. This screening tool identified elevated CO levels in 1.9% of children, revealing sources like faulty furnaces and smoking.

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Area of Science:

Environmental Health
Pediatric Toxicology
Diagnostic Tools

Background:

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a leading cause of fatal poisonings in the US.
Limited screening studies exist for pediatric CO exposure.
Identifying CO exposure sources in children is crucial for prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the utility of a CO breath analyzer for detecting pediatric CO exposure.
To identify common sources of CO exposure in children presenting to an emergency department.

Main Methods:

Prospective screening study in a pediatric emergency department.
470 non-critically ill children (5-20 years) used a CO breath analyzer.
Elevated breath CO levels (> or = 9 ppm) confirmed with cooximetry; CO sources identified via history and home evaluation.

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Main Results:

1.9% (9/470) of children had elevated CO levels (breath and blood carboxyhemoglobin - COHb).
Identified sources included faulty furnaces and active/environmental tobacco smoke.
Good correlation found between breath CO analysis and blood COHb (concordance correlation = 0.739).

Conclusions:

CO breath analysis is a convenient tool for estimating pediatric CO exposure.
This method can effectively identify older children at risk of CO poisoning.
Early detection aids in identifying environmental CO hazards.