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Related Concept Videos

Immunological Memory01:23

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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
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The receptor occupancy theory connects a drug's response to the number of occupied receptors. With higher drug concentrations, more receptors are occupied, leading to increased responses. The formation of drug-receptor complexes involves association and dissociation rates, which reach equilibrium when the forward and backward reactions are equal. The equilibrium association constant (Ka) and its inverse, the equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd), indicate drug affinity. Higher Ka and lower...
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Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
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In general, a schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
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What is Natural Selection?01:32

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Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
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Today, scientists agree that good research is ethical in nature and is guided by a basic respect for human dignity and safety. However, this has not always been the case. Modern researchers must demonstrate that the research they perform is ethically sound.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Imaging the Human Immunological Synapse
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[Immunological aspects of corticotherapy]

J P Revillard

    Annales De L'Anesthesiologie Francaise
    |January 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary

    Corticosteroids are empirically proven to treat various diseases by modulating immune responses. Their precise mechanisms involve inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis and altering immune cell functions, offering therapeutic benefits in transplantation and hypersensitivity reactions.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Pharmacology
    • Cell Biology

    Context:

    • Corticosteroids are widely used empirically for transplantation, autoimmune diseases, and hypersensitivity reactions.
    • Understanding the precise immunological effects of corticosteroids is fragmented due to interspecies variability.
    • Lymphoid cells possess intracellular receptors for corticosteroids, mediating their biological actions.

    Purpose:

    • To elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which corticosteroids modulate the immune response.
    • To correlate the known therapeutic effects with specific immunomodulatory actions of corticosteroids.
    • To provide a comprehensive overview of corticosteroid impact on various immune components and reactions.

    Summary:

    • Corticosteroids bind to intracellular receptors, inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis and increasing cyclic AMP in lymphocytes.

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  • They reduce leukocyte mobility, impair macrophage phagocytosis, and inhibit mast cell degranulation.
  • In vivo, corticosteroids primarily exert anti-inflammatory effects, reducing hypersensitivity manifestations without significantly impacting antibody production or immunological memory.

    • Impact:

    • Corticosteroids are crucial for managing acute transplant rejection crises.
    • They provide symptomatic relief for Type I and IV hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., Gell and Coombs classification).
    • Their efficacy varies across different hypersensitivity phenomena, necessitating tailored therapeutic strategies.