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Centerfire frangible ammunition: wounding potential and other forensic concerns

J Kaplan¹, R Klose, R Fossum

¹State of West Virginia, South Charleston 25309, USA.

The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology

|January 14, 1999

Summary

New frangible ammunition in 9 mm and .38 Special calibers showed wounding effects similar to standard rounds. The .223 caliber frangible bullets caused extensive fragmentation and severe wounds, hindering bullet-to-gun matching.

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Area of Science:

Forensic Science
Ballistics
Wound Ballistics

Background:

Frangible ammunition is designed to break apart on impact.
Evaluating its wounding potential and forensic traceability is crucial for law enforcement and military applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the wounding performance of newly developed copper particulate frangible ammunition in .38 Special, 9 mm, and .223 calibers.
To determine the feasibility of matching fired frangible bullets to their originating firearm.

Main Methods:

Live tissue analog (pig heads) were used to evaluate wounding characteristics.
Ballistic testing was conducted across different calibers.
Recovered bullets were examined for class and individual characteristics.

Main Results:

Wounds from 9 mm and .38 Special frangible ammunition were comparable to conventional service ammunition.
High-velocity .223 caliber frangible bullets fragmented extensively, causing severe tissue damage.
Recovered 9 mm and .38 Special bullets showed class characteristics but lacked individual rifling marks for definitive gun matching.

Conclusions:

Frangible ammunition in 9 mm and .38 Special calibers presents similar wounding severity to standard rounds.
.223 caliber frangible ammunition causes significant fragmentation and severe wounding.
Current frangible ammunition designs limit forensic bullet-to-gun matching capabilities.