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Difficulty in LW typing as revealed by a family study
Transfusion
|July 1, 1978
Summary
This study identifies a rare LW2 phenotype in a family due to a specific genotype (R-1, LWlw), resulting in reduced LW antigen expression. This highlights the importance of sensitive anti-LW reagents for accurate blood group phenotyping.
Area of Science:
- * Immunogenetics
- * Blood group serology
- * Human genetics
Background:
- * The Lutheran-secretor (LW) blood group system is a complex human blood group system.
- * LW phenotypes are determined by the expression of LW antigens on red blood cells.
- * Genetic variations can influence the level of antigen expression, leading to atypical phenotypes.
Observation:
- * A family presented with two individuals exhibiting the LW3 phenotype.
- * The mother of an LW3 propositus was initially misclassified as LW3.
- * Further investigation revealed her true phenotype as LW2 with reduced LW antigen expression.
Findings:
- * The mother's R-1 (no D), LWlw genotype explained the reduced LW expression.
- * Standard anti-LW reagents, derived from an LW3 individual, failed to detect the reduced LW level.
- * This indicates a need for more sensitive or specific anti-LW antibodies for accurate phenotyping.
Implications:
- * Accurate blood group phenotyping is crucial for transfusion medicine and genetic studies.
- * The findings underscore the variability in LW antigen expression and the limitations of certain serological reagents.
- * Further research into LW antigen expression and antibody specificities is warranted for improved diagnostic capabilities.