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Related Concept Videos

Yeast Signaling01:28

Yeast Signaling

Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl guanosine). This 5’ cap helps the...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...
Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps the cell...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Isolation of mRNAs Associated with Yeast Mitochondria to Study Mechanisms of Localized Translation
14:44

Isolation of mRNAs Associated with Yeast Mitochondria to Study Mechanisms of Localized Translation

Published on: March 14, 2014

Genomic detection of new yeast pre-mRNA 3'-end-processing signals

J H Graber1, C R Cantor, S C Mohr

  • 1Center for Advanced Biotechnology, Boston University, 36 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA. jhg@darwin.bu.edu

Nucleic Acids Research
|January 16, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified new Saccharomyces cerevisiae 3'-end-processing signals, including U-rich sequences, revealing a contextual model for gene expression regulation in yeast.

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae Metabolic Labeling with 4-thiouracil and the Quantification of Newly Synthesized mRNA As a Proxy for RNA Polymerase II Activity
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Utilization of Grafix for the Detection of Transient Interactors of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Spliceosome Subcomplexes
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Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Isolation of mRNAs Associated with Yeast Mitochondria to Study Mechanisms of Localized Translation
14:44

Isolation of mRNAs Associated with Yeast Mitochondria to Study Mechanisms of Localized Translation

Published on: March 14, 2014

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae Metabolic Labeling with 4-thiouracil and the Quantification of Newly Synthesized mRNA As a Proxy for RNA Polymerase II Activity

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05:44

Utilization of Grafix for the Detection of Transient Interactors of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Spliceosome Subcomplexes

Published on: November 9, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Yeast Biology

Background:

  • Investigating pre-mRNA 3 -end processing is crucial for understanding gene expression regulation.
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae serves as a model organism for studying fundamental eukaryotic cellular processes.
  • Previous studies identified some signals involved in yeast 3 -end processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize novel signals involved in Saccharomyces cerevisiae pre-mRNA 3 -end processing.
  • To elucidate the features of nucleotide sequences at cleavage sites.
  • To explore the model of 3 -end processing regulation in yeast.

Main Methods:

  • Alignment of expressed sequence tag sequences with the yeast genome to identify 3 -end processing sites.
  • Analysis of nucleotide word frequencies near cleavage sites.
  • Application of a discrimination function to analyze processing site data.

Main Results:

  • Identified 1352 unique pre-mRNA 3 -end processing sites across 861 yeast genes.
  • Discovered two uncharacterized components of the 3 -end processing signal, notably U-rich sequences flanking the cleavage site.
  • Found that a downstream U-rich signal links yeast and higher eukaryotic processing mechanisms.
  • Supported a 'contextual' model for 3 -end processing, where multiple signal elements collectively determine processing occurrence.

Conclusions:

  • New U-rich sequences play a significant role in Saccharomyces cerevisiae 3 -end processing.
  • The findings suggest a conserved mechanism for 3 -end processing between yeast and higher eukaryotes.
  • A contextual model, integrating multiple signals, accurately describes yeast pre-mRNA 3 -end processing.