Comparison of the D-15 and City University (second) color vision tests
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Updated: Oct 26, 2026

A Battery of Quantitative Binocular Vision Tests for Adults: Testing Protocols
Published on: June 16, 2026
1School of Optometry, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada.
Abstract:
This study examines the equivalence of the City University color vision test (CUT) to the Farnsworth Munsell D-15 (D-15). This information is important because a number of occupations require individuals to pass either the D-15 of the CUT. Using two or more major crossings on the D-15 as failure, our results indicate that agreement between tests can be improved if the failing criterion for the CUT is either > or = 5 total errors, or > or = 2 errors on the large circles. Our preference is to use the criterion based on the large circles because there is a marginal improvement in agreement between the two tests for protanopes.
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