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Morphological brain imaging studies on major psychoses

Y Okazaki1

  • 1Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Japan.

Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
|January 23, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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Brain imaging studies reveal significant structural differences in major psychoses like schizophrenia and affective disorders. These findings advance our understanding of neurobiological aspects and inform future research directions.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Computed tomographic scans revolutionized neuroscience research into major psychoses.
  • Case-control studies, including twin comparisons, have been the predominant research paradigm.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review converging findings in brain morphological features from two decades of research.
  • To compare structural brain differences between schizophrenia and affective disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of quantitative and qualitative morphological features in brain imaging studies.
  • Comparison of brain structures between patients with schizophrenia, affective disorders, and healthy controls.

Main Results:

  • Subtle but significant quantitative differences in brain structures were observed in both schizophrenia and affective disorders compared to controls.

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  • Specific differences noted for schizophrenia include ventricles, medial temporal lobe, frontal lobe, striatum, and thalamus.
  • Affective disorders showed differences in cortical sulci, lateral ventricle, striatum, pituitary, and adrenal glands, generally less pronounced than in schizophrenia.

    • Conclusions:

    • Converging evidence highlights distinct yet overlapping brain morphological abnormalities in schizophrenia and affective disorders.
    • Abnormal neurocircuit models are proposed to explain observed brain multi-lesions.
    • Recommendations for future structural brain imaging research in major psychoses are suggested.