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Updated: Jul 21, 2026

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Simultaneous Detection of c-Fos Activation from Mesolimbic and Mesocortical Dopamine Reward Sites Following Naive Sugar and Fat Ingestion in Rats
Published on: August 24, 2016
Summary
Lactulose effectively reduces high blood ammonia and improves symptoms in patients with portosystemic encephalopathy. This synthetic disaccharide is a safe alternative for preventing recurrent hepatic encephalopathy attacks and enhancing protein tolerance.
Area of Science:
- Hepatology
- Gastroenterology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Portosystemic encephalopathy (PSE) is a serious complication of liver disease.
- Elevated ammonia levels are a key factor in PSE development and symptom exacerbation.
- Current treatments for PSE have limitations and side effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of lactulose in managing PSE.
- To compare lactulose as a maintenance therapy against other treatment options.
- To assess lactulose's impact on protein tolerance in PSE patients.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of clinical trials and observational studies.
- Meta-analysis of ammonia levels, PSE symptom scores, and adverse events.
- Assessment of patient-reported outcomes and treatment adherence.
Main Results:
- Lactulose significantly lowered elevated blood ammonia levels in PSE patients.
- Patients receiving lactulose showed marked improvement in PSE symptoms.
- Lactulose was generally well-tolerated with a favorable safety profile compared to alternatives.
Conclusions:
- Lactulose is an effective and safe treatment for reducing ammonia and improving PSE symptoms.
- It serves as a suitable alternative to neomycin sulfate for long-term PSE management.
- Lactulose therapy can prevent recurrent PSE attacks and improve protein tolerance.
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