Integrins and the kidney: biology and pathobiology

Integrins represent a superfamily of cell surface molecules that are important mediators of cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Of the many known integrin subunit combinations, only a few (alpha 1 beta 1, alpha 2 beta 1, alpha 3 beta 1, alpha 6 beta 1, alpha 8 beta 1 and alpha v beta 3) appear to play significant roles in renal development and function. The current understanding of these roles is reviewed. Potential therapeutic benefits from the alteration of integrin function by arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptides in renal ischemic injury have been suggested. Reduced tubular obstruction is a potential mechanism, however other mechanisms remain to be explored. Finally, recent studies suggest a mechanism whereby abnormal interactions between integrins and non-specifically glycosylated glomerular basement membrane components could be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. The elucidation of other potential pathophysiological roles for integrins in renal disease has just begun.