[Current aspects of the diagnosis and treatment of prostatic cancer]

Prostate cancer is becoming the most frequent malignant disease in men. Its present-day diagnosis in based on the combination of digital rectal examination, detection of the prostate-specific antigen in blood serum and multifocal transrectal biopsy of the prostate under ultrasonic control. The elevation of the level of prostate-specific antigen correlates with spread of the process and extracapsular penetration of the tumor. Asymmetry of the prostate and hypoechogenic foci represent the main ultrasonic signs of adenocarcinoma of the prostate. When the histological findings speak about the absence of atypical cells, another complex examination with rebiopsy is indicated in 6 months. The principal radical method of treatment of prostate cancer is prostatectomy performed mainly for the T1-T2 stages. At the preoperative period the neoadjuvant androgen deprivation can be performed in order to lessen the tumour volume and risk of a positive surgical margin.