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[Aminoglycosides, their ototoxic effect]

A de la Rosa-Gálvez1, K Jáuregui-Renaud, M Hernández-Goribar

  • 1Departamento de Audiología y Otoneurología, Hospital General Centro Médico Nacional La Raza IMSS, México, D.F.

Gaceta Medica De Mexico
|February 3, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Aminoglycosides, effective antibiotics against gram-negative bacteria, can cause irreversible inner ear damage (ototoxicity). Research identifies risk factors and prevention strategies for this serious side effect.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology
  • Oto-neurology

Context:

  • Aminoglycosides are broad-spectrum antibiotics crucial for treating gram-negative bacterial infections.
  • Since the introduction of streptomycin, toxic side effects, particularly nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, have been recognized.
  • Ototoxicity, affecting the cochlear and vestibular systems, leads to irreversible hearing loss and balance disorders.

Purpose:

  • To review the background of aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity.
  • To discuss identified risk factors, including genetic hypersensitivity.
  • To explore strategies for preventing aminoglycoside ototoxicity and its therapeutic applications.

Summary:

  • Aminoglycoside antibiotics, while effective against gram-negative bacteria, pose a risk of irreversible ototoxicity, damaging inner ear sensory epithelia.
  • Mitochondrial protein synthesis interference is a proposed toxic mechanism.
  • Risk factors, such as genetic predisposition, have been identified over 50 years, yet permanent hearing and balance loss remain a concern.

Impact:

  • Highlights the significant risk of permanent hearing and balance impairment from aminoglycoside use.
  • Emphasizes the need for continued research into prevention strategies.
  • Suggests potential therapeutic applications of the vestibulo-toxic effects of aminoglycosides.

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