The facial nerve. Current trends in diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation

Facial paralysis is a potentially devastating disorder with numerous implications. Multiple entities must be considered in its etiology, and recent advances in microbiology, radiographic imaging, electrodiagnostic testing, and microsurgery have provided great insight into the pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of the facial nerve. Recent DNA PCR testing has shed new insight into the potential cause for Bell's palsy. This article focuses on the evaluation, differential diagnosis, medical treatment, and rehabilitation of facial nerve pathology with primary emphasis on facial paralysis. Surgical management is also discussed, including reanimation of the paralyzed face.