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Updated: Jul 30, 2026

Transaxillary First Rib Resection for Treatment of the Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Published on: September 13, 2020
Shoulder and elbow injuries and painful syndromes
1Department of Orthopaedics and Physical Rehabilitation, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, USA.
Abstract:
Childhood participation in organized sports has led to increased incidence of orthopedic complaints in the pediatric and adolescent populations, and year-round participation in a single sport allows no rest period from muscle use, bone development, and maturation. What effect do these factors have on the musculoskeletal system of the young athlete? They may lead to injuries such as dislocations, fractures, and problems of bone growth. This comprehensive review of shoulder and elbow anatomy and mechanisms of injury includes specific recommendations for rehabilitation.
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