Pain management in the pediatric intensive care unit

A J Macfadyen1, M A Buckmaster

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama Birmingham School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Alabama, USA.

Critical Care Clinics
|February 4, 1999
PubMed

Insights

Effective pain management in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) is crucial. This review discusses optimal selection, use, and administration of analgesics for pediatric pain, enhancing intensivist capabilities.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric intensive care
  • Pain management
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Pain control in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) is a growing concern for intensivists.
  • Advances in analgesic pharmacology and administration techniques have improved pain management.
  • Effective pain management is essential for optimal patient outcomes in the PICU.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the selection, use, and administration techniques of analgesics for pediatric pain management.
  • To provide guidance for intensivists on managing pain in critically ill children.
  • To highlight the importance of appropriate analgesic strategies in the PICU.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on pediatric pain management and analgesics.
  • Discussion of pharmacological properties of commonly used analgesics.
  • Analysis of different analgesic administration techniques relevant to the PICU setting.

Main Results:

  • Improved understanding of analgesic pharmacology aids in patient management.
  • New administration techniques enhance the effectiveness of pain relief.
  • Appropriate selection and use of analgesics are key to successful pain control.

Conclusions:

  • Intensivists are better equipped to manage pediatric pain due to pharmacological advancements.
  • Careful selection and administration of analgesics are vital for treating pain in pediatric patients.
  • Optimizing analgesic strategies improves patient care in the pediatric intensive care unit.

Related Concept Videos

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management01:23

Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management

During the postoperative period, it is crucial to focus on maintaining circulation, identifying and managing potential complications, and planning for discharge.Nursing AssessmentVital signs monitoring: Regularly monitor vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, to detect early signs of complications such as bleeding and infection.Circulation assessment: Monitor pulses, perform Doppler assessments, and check capillary refill, color, temperature, and...
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
Pericarditis IV: Nursing Management01:25

Pericarditis IV: Nursing Management

Pericarditis, an inflammation of the pericardium, necessitates diligent nursing management to ensure effective patient care and recovery. The initial step in managing pericarditis is a comprehensive patient medical assessment.The patient reports chest pain aggravated by breathing, coughing, and swallowing, which worsens when lying supine. The pain often improves when sitting up and leaning forward. Additional symptoms may include fever, malaise, and, in severe cases, signs of heart failure.