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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

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Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
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Muscles that Move the Head01:19

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The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
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Muscles of the Anterior Neck01:26

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The anterior neck muscles are the group of muscles covering the front part of the neck. These muscles are classified into three subgroups. The first one is the superficial muscles, the most visible muscles in the front of the neck. It includes the platysma and sternocleidomastoid. The second group is the suprahyoid muscles, located above the hyoid bone. This group comprises the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid. Lastly, the infrahyoid muscles are found below the hyoid bone and...
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Spinal Nerves: Plexus II01:21

Spinal Nerves: Plexus II

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The plexuses of the lower body include the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal plexuses, which innervate the abdomen, pelvis, legs, and coccygeal region. These plexuses control the transmission of sensory information and coordinate motor functions of the lower body.
The Lumbar Plexus
The lumbar plexus is situated within the lumbar region of the back and is primarily formed by the first four lumbar spinal nerves (L1 to L4). This plexus extends its branches into several nerves, including the...
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Spinal Nerves: Anatomy01:23

Spinal Nerves: Anatomy

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Spinal nerves are pivotal conduits in the nervous system, bridging the central nervous system (CNS) with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). These nerves enable a complex communication network between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body, facilitating sensory input, motor output, and autonomic functions.
There are 31 bilateral pairs of spinal nerves, each emerging from the spinal cord through the intervertebral foramina—openings between adjacent vertebrae. These nerves are...
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Arteries of the Head and Neck01:26

Arteries of the Head and Neck

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The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Author Spotlight: Minimally Invasive Relief for Occipital Neuralgia at the Nuchal Line
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[Nerve compression in the lateral neck triangle]

A Wilhelm

    Langenbecks Archiv Fur Chirurgie. Supplement. Kongressband. Deutsche Gesellschaft Fur Chirurgie. Kongress
    |February 5, 1999
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Transaxillary decompression is a highly successful surgical treatment for resistant thoracic outlet syndrome, yielding excellent or good results in 76% of patients. This procedure also showed promise for Sudeck's dystrophy.

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    Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances
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    Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances

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    Area of Science:

    • Neurosurgery
    • Vascular Surgery
    • Pain Management

    Context:

    • Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a group of disorders caused by compression of the neurovascular bundle in the thoracic outlet.
    • Compression neuropathies in the lateral cervical neck region, including TOS, require effective treatment strategies.
    • Resistant cases of TOS often necessitate surgical intervention.

    Purpose:

    • To evaluate the efficacy of transaxillary decompression for neurovascular bundle compression in TOS.
    • To assess the outcomes of transaxillary decompression combined with sympathectomy for resistant Sudeck's dystrophy.
    • To investigate the underlying pathophysiology of Sudeck's dystrophy in relation to venous outflow and sympathetic activity.

    Summary:

    • Transaxillary decompression, a surgical technique, was performed on 185 patients with TOS, achieving excellent or good outcomes in 76% of cases.
    • The procedure resulted in fair outcomes for 16% and was unsuccessful in 8% of patients.
    • Nine patients with resistant Sudeck's dystrophy underwent transaxillary decompression with sympathectomy, resulting in excellent outcomes for seven patients and good/fair results for two.

    Impact:

    • Transaxillary decompression is a highly effective surgical option for managing resistant thoracic outlet syndrome.
    • The study suggests a potential link between impaired venous run-off, subclavian vein stenosis, increased sympathetic activity, and Sudeck's dystrophy.
    • This research contributes to understanding and treating complex neurovascular compression disorders.