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Globoside expression within the human placenta

J A Jordan1, J A DeLoia

  • 1Department of Pathology, Magee-Women's Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.

Placenta
|February 9, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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Globoside, a receptor for human parvovirus B19, is present on placental villi. Its levels decrease with gestational age, potentially explaining why B19 infection is more severe in early pregnancy.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Virology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Human parvovirus B19 (B19) infection during pregnancy can lead to adverse fetal outcomes.
  • The placental barrier plays a crucial role in fetal protection, but also in viral transmission.
  • Globoside has been identified as the cellular receptor for B19.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and distribution of globoside on the human placental villous trophoblast layer.
  • To correlate globoside expression levels with gestational age.
  • To understand the implications of globoside expression for B19 transmission and fetal outcome.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemical staining for globoside on placental villi from different trimesters.
  • Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of neutral glycolipids from syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast cells.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Correlation of globoside levels with gestational age and known B19 infection outcomes.

    • Main Results:

    • Globoside is present on the villous trophoblast layer of human placenta.
    • Globoside immunoreactivity is highest in first-trimester placentae and diminishes significantly in second and third-trimester placentae.
    • Thin-layer chromatography confirmed the reduction of globoside in placental villi with increasing gestational age.

    Conclusions:

    • The presence of globoside on the trophoblast layer offers a potential route for B19 transmission to the fetus.
    • Decreasing globoside levels with advancing gestation may contribute to the observed correlation between the timing of maternal B19 infection and fetal outcome severity.
    • Reduced globoside expression in later pregnancy might limit viral entry and subsequent fetal complications.