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Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
Published on: November 21, 2013
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in children and adolescents
R R Silva1, D M Munoz, M Alpert
1Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, St. Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY 10025, USA.
Objective:
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a serious iatrogenic condition. This report reviews the world literature to characterize the syndrome and evaluate factors that promote early detection and effective intervention.
Method:
The review identified 77 NMS cases (49 males, 27 females, 1 gender unknown); ages ranged from 0.9 to 18 years (mean 14.8 +/- 3.96). Univariate and multiple regression analyses were applied to 38 variables to identify early signs of the disorder, to identify correlates of outcome, and to evaluate treatments.
Results:
The duration of NMS spanned from 1 to 119 days. Nine percent of patients died and 20% resolved with serious sequelae. Patients receiving low-potency neuroleptics had a poorer outcome (p = .01). Fever was related to longer duration of illness (p = .03). Anticholinergics and bromocriptine were effective and without fatalities, but dantrolene was not useful in this sample of children and adolescents.
Conclusions:
Early detection and appropriate interventions appear important in moderating the course and outcome of NMS.
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