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Allergic eye disease--a clinical challenge
1Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.
Summary
This review outlines six allergic eye diseases, differentiating their immune responses and management. Common allergic conjunctivitis is treated with antihistamines, while severe forms require specialist care.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Allergology
- Immunology
Background:
- Six basic allergic eye diseases are recognized, varying in immune mechanisms and severity.
- Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) and perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC) involve mast cells.
- Vernal (VKC) and atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC), along with giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC), are associated with T cells.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the classification and management of common allergic eye diseases.
- To differentiate the immunological basis of various allergic eye conditions.
- To provide guidance on treatment strategies based on disease severity and type.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of allergic eye diseases.
- Classification based on immune mediators (mast cells vs. T cells).
- Summary of diagnostic methods and therapeutic approaches.
Main Results:
- SAC and PAC, often linked to hayfever or house-dust mites, are managed with chromones and antihistamines.
- VKC and AKC, affecting the cornea, require steroid treatment and are linked to atopy.
- GPC, caused by foreign body contact, is managed by addressing lens hygiene and using chromones.
Conclusions:
- Allergic eye diseases have distinct immunological profiles and clinical presentations.
- Management strategies range from topical medications to specialist-supervised treatments.
- Avoiding allergens is crucial for all forms of allergic eye disease.