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Evolution of asthma through childhood
1McMaster Asthma Research Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Summary
Childhood asthma often resolves by adulthood, especially in non-atopic children. However, persistent asthma into adulthood is common in severe cases, influenced by family history, atopy, and environmental factors.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Allergology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Childhood asthma incidence is highest in males under 5, decreasing with age.
- Many young children experience wheezing, often linked to infections or environmental tobacco smoke.
- Remission is common, particularly in non-atopic children without a family history of allergies or asthma.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the prognosis and long-term outcomes of childhood asthma.
- To identify factors influencing the persistence of asthma into adulthood.
Main Methods:
- Review of population-based studies on childhood asthma.
- Analysis of follow-up data from wheezing children in clinical practice.
- Identification of predisposing factors for asthma persistence.
Main Results:
- Approximately two-thirds of wheezy children achieve symptom-free adulthood based on population studies.
- Clinical studies show a 60-80% likelihood of asthma persistence into adulthood for children with more severe cases.
- Key factors for persistence include positive family history, atopy, allergen/smoke exposure, and female gender.
Conclusions:
- Childhood asthma prognosis varies significantly based on disease severity and individual factors.
- Early identification of risk factors is crucial for managing persistent childhood asthma.
- Environmental exposures and genetic predispositions play a significant role in asthma's long-term course.