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Lingual thyroid

Z Bumber1, G Poje, H T Brzac

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Medical Centre Vrbovec, Croatia.

Acta Medica Croatica : Casopis Hravatske Akademije Medicinskih Znanosti
|February 16, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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Lingual thyroid, a rare ectopic thyroid tissue found at the base of the tongue, can sometimes be the only functioning thyroid tissue. This review covers its embryology, diagnosis, and treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Head and Neck Surgery

Background:

  • Lingual thyroid is an uncommon congenital anomaly characterized by ectopic thyroid tissue at the base of the tongue.
  • It arises from incompletely obliterated thyroglossal duct remnants, representing a developmental anomaly of thyroid descent.

Observation:

  • This condition can present with a range of symptoms, from asymptomatic cases to significant airway or swallowing difficulties.
  • It may represent the sole functioning thyroid tissue in some individuals, necessitating careful management.

Findings:

  • The review synthesizes information on the embryology, clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities (imaging, biopsy), and various treatment options for lingual thyroid.
  • Two case studies are presented alongside a comprehensive literature review.

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Implications:

  • Accurate diagnosis and understanding of lingual thyroid's embryological origin are crucial for appropriate patient management.
  • Surgical intervention requires careful consideration due to potential complications and the possibility of hypothyroidism if all thyroid tissue is removed.