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Cause and Effect01:53

Cause and Effect

10.9K
While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?
10.9K
Inductive Reasoning00:59

Inductive Reasoning

60.4K
Inductive reasoning is a form of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion. It is uncertain and operates in degrees to which the conclusions are credible. As such, inductive arguments can be weak or strong, rather than valid or invalid, and conclusions can be used to formulate testable, falsifiable hypotheses.
Inductive reasoning is common in descriptive science. A life scientist makes observations and records them. This data can be qualitative or...
60.4K
Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

3.4K
Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
3.4K
The Availability Heuristic01:08

The Availability Heuristic

6.0K
A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
6.0K
Deductive Reasoning01:16

Deductive Reasoning

55.2K
Deductive reasoning, or deduction, is the type of logic used in hypothesis-based science. In deductive reasoning, the pattern of thinking moves in the opposite direction as compared to inductive reasoning, which means that it uses a general principle or law to predict specific results. From those general principles, a scientist can deduce and predict the specific results that would be valid as long as the general principles are valid.
For example, a researcher can deduce specific predictions...
55.2K
Prediction Intervals01:03

Prediction Intervals

2.3K
The interval estimate of any variable is known as the prediction interval. It helps decide if a point estimate is dependable.
However, the point estimate is most likely not the exact value of the population parameter, but close to it. After calculating point estimates, we construct interval estimates, called confidence intervals or prediction intervals. This prediction interval comprises a range of values unlike the point estimate and is a better predictor of the observed sample value, y. 
2.3K

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

10.0K

在条件表达式中的虚幻推理.

Orlando Espino1, Isabel Orenes2, Sergio Moreno-Ríos3

  • 1Department of Cognitive, Social, and Organizational Psychology, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. oespinom@ull.edu.es.

Memory & cognition
|April 30, 2024
PubMed
概括

人们经常误解条件陈述,导致错误的结论. 这项研究揭示了不同的条件表达式,如"如果"和"只有如果"如何影响演逻辑中的这些推理错误.

科学领域:

  • 认知心理学 认知心理学
  • 逻辑和推理的逻辑和推理
  • 语言学的语言学.

背景情况:

  • 条件陈述是逻辑推理的基础.
  • 对条件的误解可能导致错误的结论.
  • 条件陈述的具体措辞可能会影响其解释.

研究的目的:

  • 调查不同的条件表达如何影响虚幻推理.
  • 要确定"如果-然后"",只有如果"和"如果和只有如果"是否产生不同的推理结果.
  • 为了阐明底层的心理机制演推理错误.

主要方法:

  • 为了检查参与者对条件陈述的反应,进行了三项实验.
  • 参与者被介绍了一个涉及抢劫犯和收银员的场景.
  • 该研究分析了基于所使用的条件类型的响应: "if-then", "only if", 和 "if and only if".

主要成果:

  • 参与者经常用"如果-然后"的陈述得出"虚幻"的结论 ("我杀了你").
  • 通过"只有如果"的陈述,参与者推断"我可能会或可能不会杀死你.
  • 对"如果"和"只有如果"陈述的回应显示了两种选项的频率相似,表明模两可.
关键词:
有条件的条件.虚幻的推论 虚幻的推论心理模型是一种心理模型.

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An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime
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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2025

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
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Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

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An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime
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An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime

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Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects
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Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

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结论:

  • 条件陈述的特定语言形式显著影响了演推理.
  • 了解这些语言细微差别对于准确的逻辑推理至关重要.
  • 这些发现有助于推断推理和认知偏见理论.