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Regression of HIV parotid swellings after antiviral therapy: case reports with computed tomographic scan evidence
Louis Mandel1, Farisa Surattanont
1Salivary Gland Center, Columbia University School of Dental and Oral Surgery, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Insights
HIV-1 infection can cause parotid swellings due to lymphoproliferative activity. Antiviral therapy effectively reduced these swellings in two patients, correlating with decreased viral load and improved immune function.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Radiology
Background:
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is associated with parotid gland enlargement in 5-10% of cases.
- These swellings stem from lymphoproliferative responses or lymphoepithelial cysts triggered by the virus within the parotid glands.
Observation:
- Two patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) presented with cosmetic concerns due to parotid swellings.
- Clinical photographs and computerized tomographic (CT) scans were utilized for pre- and post-treatment assessments.
Findings:
- Antiviral therapy led to a significant regression of parotid swellings in both patients.
- Treatment success correlated with a measurable reduction in viral load and evidence of immune system restoration.
Implications:
- Antiviral treatment is a viable option for managing symptomatic parotid swellings in HIV-1 patients.
- Successful management of parotid swellings may improve patient quality of life and cosmetic outcomes.
- This study highlights the link between viral load, immune status, and parotid gland pathology in HIV-1.
Abstract:
Parotid swellings have been noted in approximately 5% to 10% of patients with HIV-1. These swellings are a result of lymphoproliferative activity or lymphoepithelial cyst formation in response to a viral parotid presence. Two patients with cosmetic concerns regarding parotid swellings are presented before and after antiviral therapy. Regression of the swellings after treatment is substantiated with clinical photographs and computerized tomographic scans. The successful outcome was a reflection of a diminution in viral load and some degree of immune restoration.
