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Published on: November 9, 2017
Immunophenotyping of acute leukemia using an integrated piezoelectric immunosensor array
Hua Wang1, Hui Zeng, Zhimin Liu
1State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
Insights
A novel piezoelectric immunosensor array enables rapid immunophenotyping of acute leukemia by detecting leukocyte antigens. This technology offers a quick, simple tool for diagnosing and classifying leukemia, even with unpurified samples.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Immunology
- Analytical Chemistry
Background:
- Immunophenotyping is crucial for acute leukemia diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis.
- Accurate and rapid immunophenotyping methods are needed for clinical applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop an integrated piezoelectric immunosensor array for acute leukemia immunophenotyping.
- To detect differentiated leukocyte antigens for rapid and accurate leukemia classification.
Main Methods:
- Fabrication of a piezoelectric immunosensor array using plasma-polymerized n-butylamine film and gold nanoparticles.
- Immobilization of leukemic lineage-associated monoclonal antibody fragments onto the sensor probes.
- Detection of leukocyte antigens using the developed immunosensor array for immunophenotyping.
Main Results:
- The immunosensor array successfully differentiated normal cells from leukemic blasts.
- It identified leukemic blasts within specific phenotypic groups in a single analysis.
- The system detected unpurified leukocytes across a concentration range of 10^4-10^6 cells/mL.
- High sensitivity was maintained over 17 regeneration cycles using 8 M urea.
- Results from practical specimens showed good agreement with clinical classifications.
Conclusions:
- The developed piezoelectric immunosensor array provides a rapid, simple, and direct method for clinical immunophenotyping of acute leukemia.
- This multiparameter analysis technique offers a valuable alternative for leukemia diagnosis and classification.
Abstract:
Immunophenotyping evaluation is of particular importance for the clinical diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of acute leukemia. In this paper, an integrated piezoelectric immunosensor array has been developed for the first time to detect the differentiated leukocyte antigens for immunophenotyping of acute leukemia. The probes (crystals) of the array were fabricated with plasma-polymerized n-butylamine film and nanometer-sized gold particles on which the Fab'-SH fragments obtained by the reduction of leukemic lineage-associated monoclonal antibodies (markers) were subsequently immobilized. Investigation results showed that the developed immunosensor array could rapidly identify normal cells from leukemic blasts and define the leukemic blasts within certain phenotypic groups (lineages) by only one analysis of the sample purified or unpurified. It permits the detection of unpurified leukocytes in the dynamic concentration range of 2 orders of magnitude (10(4)-10(6) cells mL(-1)). Up to 17 successive assay cycles with retentive sensitivity were achieved for the probes regenerated with 8 M urea. Moreover, the piezoelectric immunoassay system was applied to evaluate a number of practical specimens with immunophenotyping results in acceptable agreement with those clinically classified. The newly proposed multiparameter analysis technique provides a rapid, simple, and direct alternative tool for clinical immunophenotyping of acute leukemia.
