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Cellular immune host response in acute cutaneous leishmaniasis

Simeen ber Rahman1, Arfan ul Bari

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP
|October 6, 2005
PubMed

Insights

The cellular immune response in acute cutaneous leishmaniasis varies, with sporotrichoid lesions showing distinct T cell profiles compared to single or multiple lesions. This suggests a potential difference in the causative parasite species.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Cutaneous leishmaniasis presents with diverse clinical patterns.
  • Understanding the cellular immune response is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and compare the cellular immune host response in different clinical patterns of acute cutaneous leishmaniasis.
  • To investigate immunophenotype cell counts in single, multiple, and sporotrichoid lesions versus normal skin.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional, comparative study involving 40 skin biopsies from active lesions.
  • Immunophenotyping of cells using monoclonal antibodies.
  • Statistical analysis (Kruskal-Wallis Test) of T cell counts (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD57+, CD19+).

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in histopathology or infiltrate type between single and multiple lesions.
  • Statistically significant differences in total cell count, CD3+, and CD57+ (NK) cells between acute lesions and normal skin.
  • Significant differences in CD4+, CD8+, and CD19+ (Plasma cells) counts when comparing sporotrichoid lesions to single and multiple lesions.

Conclusions:

  • The sporotrichoid variant of cutaneous leishmaniasis exhibits a distinct cellular immune response.
  • This distinct response may indicate infection with a different Leishmania parasite species.
Abstract

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