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Updated: May 16, 2026
A Syngeneic Mouse B-Cell Lymphoma Model for Pre-Clinical Evaluation of CD19 CAR T Cells
Published on: October 16, 2018
CD19: a biomarker for B cell development, lymphoma diagnosis and therapy
Kemeng Wang1, Guoqing Wei2, Delong Liu1
1Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College and Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
Insights
The CD19 antigen is a key biomarker for B cells, crucial for immune signaling and tolerance. Research highlights its role in B cell development and therapeutic targeting with CD19 antibodies.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Molecular Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- CD19 is a 95 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein in the immunoglobulin superfamily.
- It functions as a type I transmembrane protein with extracellular N-terminus and cytoplasmic C-terminus.
- CD19 is a significant biomarker for normal and neoplastic B cells, and follicular dendritic cells.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the critical role of CD19 in B cell signaling thresholds.
- To explore CD19's function in balancing humoral immune response and tolerance induction.
- To summarize the latest clinical developments of CD19-targeted therapies.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of CD19 structure and function.
- Investigation using CD19 transgenic and knockout mouse models.
- Review of clinical data for CD19-targeting agents.
Main Results:
- CD19 modulates both B cell receptor-dependent and independent signaling pathways.
- CD19 is essential for maintaining the balance between immune response and tolerance.
- CD19 forms a complex with CD21, CD81, and CD225 on mature B cells.
Conclusions:
- CD19 plays a pivotal role in B cell function and immune homeostasis.
- CD19-targeted therapies, including antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates, show clinical promise.
- Further research into CD19 biology may yield novel therapeutic strategies.
Abstract:
The human CD19 antigen is a 95 kd transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. CD19 is classified as a type I transmembrane protein, with a single transmembrane domain, a cytoplasmic C-terminus, and extracellular N-terminus. CD19 is a biomarker for normal and neoplastic B cells, as well as follicular dendritic cells. CD19 is critically involved in establishing intrinsic B cell signaling thresholds through modulating both B cell receptor-dependent and independent signaling. CD19 functions as the dominant signaling component of a multimolecular complex on the surface of mature B cells, alongside complement receptor CD21, and the tetraspanin membrane protein CD81 (TAPA-1), as well as CD225. Through study of CD19 transgenic and knockout mouse models, it becomes clear that CD19 plays a critical role in maintaining the balance between humoral, antigen-induced response and tolerance induction. This review also summarized latest clinical development of CD19 antibodies, anti-B4-bR (an immunotoxin conjugate), blinatumomab (BiTE), and SAR3419 (huB4-DM4), a novel antibody-drug conjugate.
