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Expression of aberrant CD markers in acute leukemia: a study of 100 cases with immunophenotyping by multiparameter
Anupam Sarma1, Munlima Hazarika2, Debabrata Das3
1Department of Pathology, Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute, Guwahati, India.
Insights
Aberrant phenotypes are common in acute leukemia patients in North East India, affecting a majority of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases. This highlights the importance of immunophenotyping for diagnosis and potential therapeutic targets.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Immunology
- Oncology
Background:
- Acute leukemia is a diverse group of blood cancers with varied phenotypes.
- Immunophenotyping via flow cytometry is crucial for diagnosing myeloid and lymphoid subtypes.
- The incidence of aberrant phenotypes in acute leukemia is debated, with inconsistent findings across studies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the frequency of aberrant phenotypes in acute leukemia patients from North East India.
- To contribute data on the diagnostic utility of immunophenotyping in this specific population.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 100 acute leukemia cases (36 AML, 61 ALL, 3 MPAL) using multiparametric flow cytometry.
- Utilized an acute panel of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to identify myeloid and lymphoid lineage antigens.
- Focused on detecting differentiation-associated antigens.
Main Results:
- Aberrant phenotypes were observed in 58.3% of AML, 59.2% of B-ALL, and 66.7% of T-ALL cases.
- CD7 was the most frequent lymphoid antigen in AML (33%), while CD117 was the most common myeloid antigen in ALL (54%).
- Aberrant CD117 expression in ALL showed high statistical significance (P<0.0001).
Conclusions:
- A significant majority of acute leukemia patients in North East India exhibit aberrant phenotypes.
- These findings underscore the prevalence of immunophenotypic variations in this population.
- Future research will explore the correlation of these aberrant markers with prognosis and treatment outcomes.
Background:
Acute leukemia is a heterogenous disease having diverse phenotypes. Immunophenotyping by flowcytometry is essential for diagnosis of myeloid and lymphoid subtypes. Aberrant phenotype incidence is controversial and dissimilar results have been reported by different groups.
Objectives:
Purpose of the study was to determine the incidence of aberrant phenotypes in North East Indian patients with acute leukemia.
Methods:
We analysed a total of 100 cases (AML = 36, ALL = 61, MPAL = 3) by multiparametric flow cytometry using an acute panel of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). The MoAbs were selected to identify differentiation-associated antigens of both myeloid and lymphoid lineages.
Results:
Aberrant phenotypes were found in 21 (58.3%) cases of AML, 36 (59.2%) cases of B-ALL and 6 (66.7%) cases of T-ALL. CD7 was the most frequent lymphoid associated antigen found in 33% of AML cases while CD117 was the myeloid antigen most frequently detected in ALL (54%) cases. Aberrant expression of CD 117 is highly significant by Fischer's exact test (P< 0.0001).
Conclusion:
We conclude that aberrant phenotypes are present in a great majority of acute leukemia patients of North East India. Future studies will be directed to correlate of these markers with prognosis and therapeutic response.
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