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Updated: Feb 4, 2026

Multi-exon Skipping Using Cocktail Antisense Oligonucleotides in the Canine X-linked Muscular Dystrophy
10:30

Multi-exon Skipping Using Cocktail Antisense Oligonucleotides in the Canine X-linked Muscular Dystrophy

Published on: May 24, 2016

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Immunophenotyping lymphocyte and acute phase proteins in canine X-linked muscular dystrophy

Dilayla K DE Abreu1, Janaina M Monteiro2, Carolina C Souza1

  • 1Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia/FMVA, Universidade de São Paulo/USP, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, 05508-270 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Anais Da Academia Brasileira De Ciencias
|October 11, 2018
PubMed

Insights

This study analyzed lymphocyte subpopulations and serum proteins in Golden Retriever dogs with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD). Older GRMD dogs showed higher CD4+ and CD5+ lymphocytes and altered acute phase proteins, indicating disease progression.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a severe X-linked muscle-wasting disease.
  • The Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD) model is a valuable tool for studying DMD.
  • Understanding immune and protein changes in GRMD is crucial for translational research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify CD4, CD5, and CD8 lymphocyte subpopulations.
  • To standardize serum electrophoretic profiles.
  • To investigate their contribution to the pathological process in GRMD dogs compared to healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of umbilical cord blood from GRMD and healthy Golden Retrievers (GR) at different age groups (II: 2-3 months, III: >1 year).
  • Flow cytometry for lymphocyte subpopulation quantification.
  • Serum electrophoresis to identify and quantify proteins.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in CD8+ lymphocyte subpopulations were found between groups.
  • CD4+ and CD5+ lymphocyte subpopulations were significantly higher in older GRMD dogs (GRMD III) compared to age-matched controls (GR III).
  • Serum protein concentrations were lower in the youngest groups (GR I and GRMD I) and acute phase proteins worsened with age in GRMD dogs.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related changes in CD4+ and CD5+ lymphocytes and serum proteins are evident in the GRMD model.
  • These findings enhance the understanding of the GRMD model's utility for DMD research.
  • The study provides translational insights into DMD pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.

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