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Recasting the Tissue-Resident Lymphocyte in Celiac Disease

Hisako Kayama1, Kiyoshi Takeda1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.

Immunity
|March 21, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Chronic inflammation in celiac disease alters intestinal immune cells called TCR gamma delta intraepithelial lymphocytes. These changes persist even on a gluten-free diet, potentially explaining ongoing gluten sensitivity in celiac disease patients.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Celiac disease (CeD) is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion.
  • Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of active celiac disease.
  • Intraepithelial lymphocytes play a role in mucosal immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of chronic inflammation in celiac disease on intestinal TCR gamma delta (γδ) intraepithelial lymphocytes.
  • To determine if gluten-free dietary regimens reverse these changes.
  • To explore the potential role of these lymphocytes in long-term gluten sensitivity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of intestinal biopsies from celiac disease patients.
  • Characterization of the T cell receptor (TCR) γδ+ intraepithelial lymphocyte population.
  • Assessment of lymphocyte repertoire and functional phenotype.

Main Results:

  • Chronic inflammation in celiac disease significantly alters the composition and function of intestinal TCR γδ+ intraepithelial lymphocytes.
  • These observed alterations are not restored by adherence to a gluten-free diet.
  • The persistent changes suggest a potential mechanism for long-term gluten sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • TCR γδ+ intraepithelial lymphocytes in celiac disease exhibit persistent changes due to chronic inflammation.
  • These immunological modifications may contribute to the enduring sensitivity to gluten experienced by celiac disease patients.
  • Further research into these lymphocytes could offer new therapeutic targets for celiac disease management.

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