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Published on: October 14, 2016
[Characterization of B1-cells during experimental leukomogenesis.]
I Y Ezdakova1, O V Kapustina1, M I Gulyukin1
1All-Russian Scientific and Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine named after K.I. Scriabin and Ya.R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 109428, Russia.
Insights
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) primarily targets B1 cells. Early infection shows increased CD5+ cells, potentially T cells, while later stages reveal expanded IgM+ B cells and decreased CD5+ cells.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Immunology
- Virology
- Bovine Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) causes persistent lymphocytosis (PL) in cattle.
- PL involves polyclonal expansion of CD5+, IgM+ B lymphocytes.
- Early B cell dynamics in BLV infection remain unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- Quantify IgM+ and CD5+ B cells during the immune response to BLV.
- Elucidate lymphocyte priming mechanisms in BLV infection.
Main Methods:
- Experimentally infected 8-month-old calves (n=8) with BLV; controls (n=3) received saline.
- Monitored B-lymphocyte populations (IgM+, CD5+) via immunoperoxidase staining.
- Blood samples collected on days 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 65 post-infection.
Main Results:
- CD5+ B cell levels increased by day 14, indicating polyclonal proliferation.
- BLV appears to target CD5+ B cells initially.
- Absence of surface IgM and CD5 aggregation on lymphocytes in infected cattle.
Conclusions:
- B1 cells are a primary target for BLV.
- IgM+ and CD5+ cells show functional differences early in infection.
- Increased CD5+ cells may involve T cells, not solely B cells.
Background:
Bovine leukemia causes a significant polyclonal expansion of CD5+, IgM+ B lymphocytes, known as persistent lymphocytosis (PL), in approximately 30% of infected cattle. However, it is not yet clear what happens to this subpopulation of B cells in the early period of infection of animals.
Purpose:
Quantitative characterization of IgM+ and CD5+ B cells during the immune response, which can provide important information on the mechanisms of lymphocyte priming in BLV infection.
Material And Methods:
The experiment used BLV-negative calves of black-motley breed at the age of 8 months (n = 11). Animals (n = 8) were intravenously injected with blood of a BLV-positive cow. Control calves (n = 3) were injected with saline. Studies were performed before and after infection on days 5, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 65 of the immune response. The determination of the number of B-lymphocytes in the blood was carried out by the method of immunoperoxidase staining based on monoclonal antibodies to IgM, CD5.
Results:
As a result of the studies, it was found that the level of CD5+ B cells increases on the 14th day of the primary immune response, characterized by polyclonal proliferation of CD5+ B cells, which are the primary target for BLV. Our research data confirm that in the lymphocytes of experimentally infected cattle, surface aggregation of IgM and CD5 molecules on B-lymphocytes is absent.
Discussion:
It is known that the wave-like nature of IgM synthesis, which was shown in previous studies, depends on a subpopulation of B1 cells. After 7 days of the immune response, IgM+ and CD5+ cells do not correlate, which shows their functional difference. The increase in CD5+ cells is probably not associated with B cells, but with T cells differentiating under the influence of the virus.
Conclusions:
A subset of B1 cells is the primary target of cattle leukemia virus. The 65th day of the immune response is characterized by the expansion of IgM+ B cells, a decrease in the number of CD5+ cells and a uniform distribution of receptors around the perimeter of the cells.
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