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Interleukin-24 Immunobiology and Its Roles in Inflammatory Diseases

Yajie Zhong1, Xuan Zhang1, Waipo Chong1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|January 21, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Interleukin-24 (IL-24) has dual roles in autoimmunity, promoting inflammation in some contexts but also suppressing immune responses. This review explores IL-24

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Autoimmunity Research

Background:

  • Interleukin-24 (IL-24), part of the IL-10 family, signals via IL-20RA/IL-20RB and IL-20RB/IL22RA1 receptor complexes.
  • IL-24 is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in immune response, tissue homeostasis, host defense, and oncogenesis.
  • Elevated IL-24 levels are linked to chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases like psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complex immunoregulatory functions of Interleukin-24 (IL-24).
  • To elucidate the multifaceted roles of IL-24 in the pathogenesis and regulation of autoimmune diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on IL-24.
  • Analysis of IL-24's signaling pathways and receptor interactions.
  • Examination of IL-24's effects on various immune cell populations (T cells, B cells, NK cells, macrophages).

Main Results:

  • IL-24 can induce inflammation and immune cell infiltration, contributing to tissue damage in autoimmune conditions.
  • Conversely, IL-24 exhibits suppressive functions on immune cells, demonstrating tolerogenic properties.
  • Reported tolerogenic effects of IL-24 in animal models of autoimmune diseases highlight its complex regulatory capacity.

Conclusions:

  • Interleukin-24 (IL-24) possesses dual, context-dependent roles in autoimmunity, acting as both an inflammatory and immunosuppressive mediator.
  • Understanding the intricate functions of IL-24 is crucial for developing targeted therapies for autoimmune diseases.

Keywords:
IL-24autoimmune diseaseinflammation

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