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Induction, transcription, synthesis, and adsorption of interleukin-1 by dialyzer membranes

N D Vaziri1, J Wang, T Cesario

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN
|May 1, 1994
PubMed

Insights

Dialyzer membranes, cuprammonium cellulose (CU) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN), directly induce interleukin-1 (IL-1). While CU increases IL-1, PAN adsorbs it, reducing circulating levels.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Immunology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Dialysis involves artificial membranes that interact with blood components.
  • Understanding membrane-induced immune responses, like interleukin-1 (IL-1) production, is crucial for patient safety.
  • Previous studies suggested dialyzers activate complement and cells, but direct membrane effects on IL-1 were unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and quantify the direct effect of dialyzer membranes on interleukin-1 (IL-1) induction.
  • To differentiate membrane-induced IL-1 from effects of complement activation, mechanical stress, and endotoxins.
  • To compare IL-1 induction by cuprammonium cellulose (CU) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membranes.

Main Methods:

  • A closed-loop system with P388D1 murine macrophages in a complement-free medium was used.
  • Hollow-fiber dialyzers made of CU or PAN, or tubing alone, were tested.
  • Cell suspensions were recirculated, and IL-1 mRNA and protein levels in cells, supernates, and eluted proteins were measured.

Main Results:

  • Interleukin-1 (IL-1) mRNA levels were highest with CU, followed by PAN and tubing alone.
  • IL-1 protein in the supernate was significantly higher with CU compared to tubing or PAN.
  • IL-1 eluted from loops was highest with PAN, followed by CU, indicating membrane adsorption.

Conclusions:

  • Both CU and PAN dialyzer membranes directly induce IL-1 production.
  • CU membrane leads to higher circulating IL-1 levels.
  • PAN membrane avidly adsorbs IL-1, attenuating the increase in circulating IL-1.

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