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Clima: el calentamiento a gran escala no es urbano.

David E Parker1

  • 1Hadley Centre, Meteorological Office, Exeter EX1 3PB, UK. david.parker@metoffice.com

Nature
|November 19, 2004
PubMed
Resumen

Las tendencias del calentamiento global no son causadas por el desarrollo urbano. Este estudio muestra que las temperaturas terrestres han aumentado por igual en noches ventosas y tranquilas, refutando el efecto isla de calor urbano como el principal impulsor del calentamiento.

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Climatología y climatología.
  • Ciencias de la atmósfera Ciencias atmosféricas.
  • Meteorología Urbana Meteorología Urbana

Sus antecedentes:

  • Existe un debate persistente con respecto al impacto del calentamiento urbano en las tendencias de la temperatura del aire superficial a gran escala.
  • Se sabe que las islas de calor urbano (IHU) afectan principalmente a las temperaturas nocturnas y disminuyen en condiciones de viento.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar si el calentamiento urbano influye en las tendencias globales de la temperatura de la superficie del aire.
  • Determinar el papel del desarrollo urbano en el calentamiento climático observado.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de los datos globales de temperatura de la superficie terrestre y del aire, diferenciando entre condiciones nocturnas ventosas y tranquilas.

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  • Comparación de las tendencias de temperatura bajo diferentes velocidades de viento para aislar la influencia de las islas de calor urbanas.
  • Principales resultados:

    • Las temperaturas terrestres globales han aumentado de manera comparable tanto en noches ventosas como en noches tranquilas.
    • La tasa de calentamiento en las noches de viento es similar a la de las noches tranquilas, lo que desafía la hipótesis UHI para las tendencias a gran escala.

    Conclusiones:

    • Es poco probable que las tendencias de calentamiento global observadas sean una consecuencia del desarrollo urbano.
    • El efecto de isla de calor urbano no parece ser el factor dominante que impulsa los aumentos de temperatura a gran escala.