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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins01:25

Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins

Integral membrane proteins are tightly associated with the cell membrane and play a crucial role in cell communication, signaling, adhesion, and transport of the molecules. Some integral membrane proteins are present only in the membrane monolayer. For example, the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase is present in the cytoplasmic side of the membrane monolayer. In contrast, another type of integral membrane protein, also known as a transmembrane protein, spans across the membrane. Transmembrane...
Insertion of Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER01:29

Insertion of Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER

The rough ER membrane synthesizes, assembles, and embeds transmembrane proteins in diverse topologies. These proteins function as transporters or channels and can remain in the ER membrane or are sent to the Golgi complex, lysosome, and cell membrane.
The multipass transmembrane proteins are the type IV integral membrane proteins with multiple topogenic sequences determining their spatial arrangement in the ER membrane. Nearly all multipass proteins lack a cleavable signal sequence and use...
Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins and β-barrels01:09

Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins and β-barrels

In multi-pass transmembrane proteins, the polypeptide chain crosses the membrane more than once. The transmembrane polypeptide chain either forms an α-helix or β-strand structure. α-Helix containing multi-pass transmembrane proteins are ubiquitous, whereas β-strand containing ones are mainly found in gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.
α-Helix containing multi-pass transmembrane proteins
Multi-pass transmembrane proteins such as G-protein-linked receptors (GPCRs) and...
Fluid Movement Between Compartments01:18

Fluid Movement Between Compartments

The force applied by fluids against a surface, known as hydrostatic pressure, initiates the transfer of fluid among different compartments. Within our blood vessels, the blood's hydrostatic pressure is a result of the heart's pumping action. At the arteriolar end of capillaries, hydrostatic pressure (capillary blood pressure) exceeds the opposing colloid osmotic pressure created primarily by plasma proteins like albumin. This discrepancy in pressure propels plasma and nutrients from the...
Hydraulic Jump01:29

Hydraulic Jump

A hydraulic jump is a sudden rise in fluid depth in open channels, occurring when high-velocity (supercritical) flow transitions to low-velocity (subcritical) flow. This phenomenon requires an upstream Froude number greater than 1, as flows with Fr1<1 remain subcritical, making a hydraulic jump impossible due to the need for negative head loss, which violates thermodynamic principles.The characteristics of a hydraulic jump depend on the upstream Froude number and are classified as...
Hydraulic Jump: Problem Solving01:16

Hydraulic Jump: Problem Solving

To analyze a hydraulic jump in a rectangular channel with a flow speed of 6 meters per second, follow these steps:Calculate Effective Upstream Velocity:When the downstream gate closes, a hydraulic jump forms, traveling upstream at 2 meters per second. This wave speed combines with the initial channel flow velocity, creating an effective upstream velocity.Identify Flow Velocities Before and After the Hydraulic Jump:Upstream of the hydraulic jump, the effective flow velocity includes both the...

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Fluorescence Recovery after Merging a Droplet to Measure the Two-dimensional Diffusion of a Phospholipid Monolayer
07:54

Fluorescence Recovery after Merging a Droplet to Measure the Two-dimensional Diffusion of a Phospholipid Monolayer

Published on: October 15, 2015

Hemifusión de membrana: cruzar un abismo en dos saltos.

Leonid V Chernomordik1, Michael M Kozlov

  • 1Section on Membrane Biology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. chernoml@mail.nih.gov

Cell
|November 5, 2005
PubMed
Resumen

La fusión de membrana comienza con la fusión del prospecto externo, formando un intermediario de hemifusión. Esta etapa crítica precede a la apertura de los poros de fusión y es vital para los procesos celulares como la exocitosis y la entrada viral.

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SNARE-mediated Fusion of Single Proteoliposomes with Tethered Supported Bilayers in a Microfluidic Flow Cell Monitored by Polarized TIRF Microscopy
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Last Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Fluorescence Recovery after Merging a Droplet to Measure the Two-dimensional Diffusion of a Phospholipid Monolayer
07:54

Fluorescence Recovery after Merging a Droplet to Measure the Two-dimensional Diffusion of a Phospholipid Monolayer

Published on: October 15, 2015

SNARE-mediated Fusion of Single Proteoliposomes with Tethered Supported Bilayers in a Microfluidic Flow Cell Monitored by Polarized TIRF Microscopy
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SNARE-mediated Fusion of Single Proteoliposomes with Tethered Supported Bilayers in a Microfluidic Flow Cell Monitored by Polarized TIRF Microscopy

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología celular Biología celular.
  • Dinámica de las membranas Dinámica de las membranas.
  • La biofísica es la biofísica.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La fusión de membranas es un proceso biológico fundamental.
  • Implica la fusión de las bicapas lipídicas.
  • La hemifusión es un estado intermedio transitorio en la fusión de membranas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para dilucidar los eventos iniciales de la fusión de la membrana.
  • Para resaltar la importancia del intermediario de la hemifusión.
  • Para conectar la hemifusión con los procesos celulares clave.

Principales métodos:

  • Estudios observacionales de la dinámica de las membranas.
  • Análisis bioquímicos para rastrear el movimiento de los lípidos.
  • Análisis de la formación de poros de fusión.

Principales resultados:

  • Los prospectos de la membrana externa se fusionan antes que los prospectos internos.
  • La hemifusión se caracteriza por la separación de las hojas internas.
  • La hemifusión es un intermedio conservado en múltiples eventos de fusión.

Conclusiones:

  • La hemifusión es un intermedio crítico y conservado en la fusión de membranas.
  • Comprender la hemifusión es clave para comprender la exocitosis, el tráfico de proteínas y la entrada viral.