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Mecanismos neuronales que median el sesgo de optimismo.

Tali Sharot1, Alison M Riccardi, Candace M Raio

  • 1Department of Psychology, New York University, New York 10003, USA.

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Nuestros cerebros generan un sesgo de optimismo al aumentar la actividad en los centros emocionales como la amígdala y la corteza cingulada anterior rostral cuando visualizan eventos futuros positivos.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
  • Psicología Cognitiva Psicología cognitiva.
  • La ciencia afectiva es la ciencia afectiva.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los seres humanos exhiben un sesgo de optimismo generalizado, esperando consistentemente resultados futuros positivos a pesar de la falta de evidencia.
  • Este sesgo se manifiesta como subestimar los eventos negativos de la vida (por ejemplo, el divorcio) y sobreestimar las perspectivas positivas (por ejemplo, el éxito profesional).
  • Comprender los fundamentos neuronales del sesgo de optimismo es crucial, especialmente dada su relación inversa con el pesimismo relacionado con la depresión.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar los mecanismos neuronales responsables de generar el sesgo de optimismo humano.
  • Identificar regiones específicas del cerebro involucradas en la anticipación de eventos futuros positivos.
  • Para explorar la relación entre la actividad cerebral, el optimismo de rasgos y la regulación emocional.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó técnicas de neuroimagen para medir los patrones de activación cerebral.
  • Comparó las respuestas neuronales cuando los participantes imaginaron eventos futuros positivos versus negativos.
  • Actividad cerebral correlacionada en regiones específicas con diferencias individuales en el optimismo de rasgos.

Principales resultados:

  • Se observó una mayor activación en la amígdala y la corteza cingulada anterior rostral (rACC) durante la imaginación de eventos futuros positivos.
  • Estas regiones son críticas para el procesamiento de la saliencia emocional y están implicadas en el sesgo de optimismo.
  • La actividad en el rACC se correlacionó directamente con los niveles individuales de optimismo de los rasgos.

Conclusiones:

  • El sesgo de optimismo está mediado por regiones cerebrales específicas involucradas en el monitoreo de la saliencia emocional.
  • La integración efectiva y la regulación de la información emocional y autobiográfica apoyan la proyección positiva de eventos futuros en individuos sanos.
  • Los patrones neuronales asociados con el sesgo de optimismo difieren de los observados en la depresión, destacando mecanismos distintos para el optimismo y el pesimismo.