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Pronóstico de lavas sísmicas y erupciones explosivas
Y Lavallée1, P G Meredith, D B Dingwell
1Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80333 Munich, Germany. lavallee@min.uni-muenchen.de
Nature
|May 24, 2008
Resumen
Las lavas de cúpula volcánica generan señales sísmicas a medida que se deforman. El monitoreo de estas señales a lo largo de la transición dúctil-frágil puede mejorar la predicción de erupciones volcánicas explosivas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geofísica es la geofísica.
- Volcanología Volcanología.
- Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las erupciones de cúpula volcánica a menudo muestran un aumento de la sismicidad y las tasas de descarga antes de las explosiones.
- El pronóstico actual de erupciones se basa en la sismicidad de la roca circundante, no en el propio magma.
- La reología y la deformación de la lava son fundamentales para determinar el estilo de erupción.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la naturaleza sísmica de las lavas de cúpula.
- Comprender cómo la reología de la lava influye en la transición dúctil-frágil.
- Explorar la aplicación de la sismicidad del magma a la predicción de erupciones.
Principales métodos:
- Experimentos reológicos en lavas de cúpula.
- Monitoreo microsísmico continuo durante los experimentos.
- Análisis de la sismicidad a través de diferentes tasas de deformación.
Principales resultados:
- Se ha confirmado que las lavas de cúpula son sismógenas.
- Las características sísmicas cambian significativamente en la transición dúctil-frágil.
- Aparecen patrones de sismicidad distintos antes de la falla de la fragilidad a altas tasas de deformación.
Conclusiones:
- La sismicidad del magma proporciona información sobre el comportamiento de la lava del domo.
- El monitoreo de la sismicidad del magma puede mejorar los modelos de pronóstico volcánico.
- Los métodos de pronóstico de fallas aplicados a la sismicidad del magma son prometedores para las erupciones de cúpula.
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