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Adaptación psicológica a la enfermedad crónica
Denise de Ridder1, Rinie Geenen, Roeline Kuijer
1Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands Research Institute for Psychology & Health, Utrecht, Netherlands. D.T.D.deRidder@uu.nl
Lancet (London, England)
|July 22, 2008
Resumen
Esta revisión destaca estrategias para el ajuste psicológico a la enfermedad crónica. Los factores clave incluyen el compromiso activo, la expresión emocional, la autogestión y el enfoque en resultados positivos para una adaptación exitosa.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología Psicología Psicología.
- Psicología de la salud Psicología de la salud
- La medicina del comportamiento en la medicina del comportamiento.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las enfermedades crónicas presentan desafíos significativos para el bienestar psicológico.
- Comprender los factores que influyen en la adaptación es crucial para la atención al paciente.
- Las investigaciones anteriores se centraron en el mal ajuste; el enfoque actual se centra en el ajuste exitoso.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para revisar la literatura reciente sobre el ajuste psicológico a la enfermedad crónica.
- Identificar temas y estrategias clave que promuevan una adaptación exitosa.
- Para sintetizar los hallazgos para su aplicación práctica en el apoyo al paciente.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión sistemática de la investigación publicada en la última década.
- Análisis de estudios centrados en los aspectos fisiológicos, emocionales, conductuales y cognitivos.
- Identificación de temas recurrentes relacionados con el ajuste psicológico.
Principales resultados:
- Cuatro temas innovadores surgieron en la comprensión del ajuste psicológico.
- Cambiar el enfoque de las razones del fracaso a los factores que promueven un ajuste exitoso.
- Estrategias identificadas: compromiso activo, expresión emocional, autogestión y enfoque en resultados positivos.
Conclusiones:
- La participación activa del paciente es clave para un ajuste exitoso.
- El procesamiento emocional y la autogestión empoderan a los pacientes.
- Centrarse en resultados positivos ayuda a la adaptación a los desafíos de las enfermedades crónicas.
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