Search research articles

ACERCA DE JoVE

Visión General Liderazgo Blog Centro de Ayuda JoVE

AUTORES

Proceso de Publicación Consejo Editorial Alcance y Políticas Revisión por Pares Preguntas Frecuentes Enviar

BIBLIOTECARIOS

Testimonios Suscripciones Acceso Recursos Consejo Asesor de Bibliotecas Preguntas Frecuentes

INVESTIGACIÓN

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archivo

EDUCACIÓN

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Centro de Recursos para Profesores Sitio de Profesores

Términos y Condiciones de Uso

Política de Privacidad

Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Transcription Initiation

Transcription Initiation

Initiation is the first step of transcription in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase (RNAP) can bind to the template DNA and start transcribing. On the other hand, transcription in eukaryotes requires additional proteins, called transcription factors, to first bind to the promoter region in the DNA template. This binding helps recruit the specific RNAP that can assemble on the DNA and start transcription.
The promoters and enhancers and their accessory proteins allow tight regulation of...

Bacterial Transcription

Bacterial Transcription

RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences. The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences. The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...

Initiation of Translation

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...

Initiation of Translation

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...

También podría leer

Artículos Relacionados

Artículos vinculados a este trabajo por autores compartidos, revista y gráfico de citas.

Ordenar por

Same author

Mining antibody functionality via AI-guided structural landscape profiling.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Mechanistic insights into histone recognition and H3K14 acetylation by the NuA3 histone acetyltransferase complex.

Nature communications·2025

Same author

Structure of the transcriptional co-activator SAGA complex, including the histone acetyltransferase module.

Molecular cell·2025

Same author

Design of a potent interleukin-21 mimic for cancer immunotherapy.

Science immunology·2025

Same author

A De Novo Luciferase Bioconjugate for the Cas13-Based Detection of Influenza A.

JACS Au·2025

Same author

Production of Homogeneous, Functional Zinc-Finger Arrays in High Yield With Two Chromatographic Steps.

Bio-protocol·2025

Search research articles

Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: May 30, 2026

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

Published on: May 13, 2019

La estructura del complejo de iniciación y la corrección de pruebas del promotor.

Xin Liu¹, David A Bushnell, Daniel-Adriano Silva

¹Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|July 30, 2011

Resumen

Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La transcripción de la ARN polimerasa II implica estados estructurales distintos durante la iniciación. Estas transiciones regulan la iniciación abortiva y el escape del promotor, actuando como puntos de control cruciales para el control de la expresión génica.

Más Videos Relacionados

High-throughput Purification of Affinity-tagged Recombinant Proteins

High-throughput Purification of Affinity-tagged Recombinant Proteins

Published on: August 26, 2012

Proofreading and DNA Repair Assay Using Single Nucleotide Extension and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Proofreading and DNA Repair Assay Using Single Nucleotide Extension and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: June 19, 2018

Videos de Experimentos Relacionados

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

Published on: May 13, 2019

High-throughput Purification of Affinity-tagged Recombinant Proteins

High-throughput Purification of Affinity-tagged Recombinant Proteins

Published on: August 26, 2012

Proofreading and DNA Repair Assay Using Single Nucleotide Extension and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Proofreading and DNA Repair Assay Using Single Nucleotide Extension and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: June 19, 2018

Área de la Ciencia:

Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
La bioquímica es la bioquímica.
Biología Estructural Biología estructural.

Sus antecedentes:

La iniciación de la transcripción por la ARN polimerasa II es un proceso complejo de varios pasos.
Comprender la dinámica estructural de la ARN polimerasa II durante la transcripción temprana es crucial para descifrar la regulación génica.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para dilucidar las transiciones estructurales de la ARN polimerasa II durante la iniciación de la transcripción.
Para correlacionar estos estados estructurales con la frecuencia de la iniciación abortiva y el escape del promotor.

Principales métodos:

La cristalografía de rayos X se utilizó para determinar las estructuras de los complejos de transcripción con ARN cortos (2-10 nucleótidos).
Análisis de tres estados estructurales distintos basados en la longitud y conformación del ARN.

Principales resultados:

Se identificaron tres estados estructurales de la ARN polimerasa II durante la síntesis de ARN corto.
Las transiciones entre estados se correlacionan con una reducción de la iniciación abortiva y la eventual fuga del promotor.
La estructura de la polimerasa facilita la iniciación abortiva, actuando como un mecanismo de corrección de pruebas promotor.

Conclusiones:

Las transiciones estructurales sirven como puntos de control para el control del promotor durante la iniciación de la transcripción.
La iniciación del aborto y los cambios estructurales contribuyen a la especificidad y eficiencia del promotor.