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El alto nivel de sal recluta a las vías gustativas aversivas
Yuki Oka1, Matthew Butnaru, Lars von Buchholtz
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.
Nature
|February 15, 2013
Resumen
Las altas concentraciones de sal desencadenan la aversión al activar las vías gustativas ácidas y amargas. El silenciamiento de estas vías elimina la aversión a la sal pero conserva la atracción, destacando su papel en la prevención de la ingesta excesiva de sal.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Biología Sensorial Biología Sensorial
- Fisiología Fisiología Fisiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las células receptoras del gusto detectan cinco sabores básicos: dulce, agrio, amargo, umami y salado.
- Mientras que el dulce y el umami son apetecibles, el amargo y el agrio son aversivos.
- El sabor de la sal es único, pasando de apetitoso a aversivo con el aumento de la concentración, crucial para la homeostasis.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar los mecanismos celulares y moleculares que subyacen a la aversión a la sal.
- Para identificar las vías gustativas responsables del rechazo de altas concentraciones de sal.
Principales métodos:
- Examinó la activación de las células sensibles al sabor amargo y amargo por las altas concentraciones de sal.
- Utilizó técnicas de silenciamiento genético para evaluar el papel de estas vías en el comportamiento de aversión a la sal.
- Se evaluó el efecto del silenciamiento de la vía sobre la atracción de la sal.
Principales resultados:
- Las altas concentraciones de sal activan las vías de sabor amargo y amargo.
- El silenciamiento genético de estas vías aversivas abolió la aversión conductual a la sal concentrada.
- Los ratones que carecían de vías de aversión a la sal exhibieron una atracción continua a altas concentraciones de sal sin deterioro de la atracción por la sal.
Conclusiones:
- Las vías gustativas aversivas primarias (amargo y agrio) son reclutadas para mediar la aversión a la sal.
- Estas vías son esenciales para el rechazo conductual de altas concentraciones de sal.
- La "cooptación" evolutiva de estas vías asegura evitar niveles de sal potencialmente dañinos.
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