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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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Aging01:26

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size...
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Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
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Induction and Validation of Cellular Senescence in Primary Human Cells
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SnapShot: La senescencia celular en la fisiopatología

Ricardo Iván Martínez-Zamudio1, Lucas Robinson1, Pierre-François Roux1

  • 1INSERM, U993, 75015 Paris, France; Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer, 94803 Villejuif, France; Institut Pasteur, Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cellular Senescence and Age-Related Pathologies Group, Nuclear Organization and Oncogenesis Unit, Department of Cell Biology and Infection, 75015 Paris, France.

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|August 26, 2017
PubMed
Resumen

La senescencia celular, un destino celular clave, juega un papel vital tanto en las funciones corporales normales como en el desarrollo de enfermedades. Esta revisión explora su impacto en la salud, el envejecimiento y varias enfermedades.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología celular y molecular
  • Gerontología
  • Fisiopatología

Sus antecedentes:

  • La senescencia celular es un estado de detención del ciclo celular irreversible.
  • Está implicado en numerosos procesos fisiológicos, incluido el desarrollo y la cicatrización de heridas.
  • La senescencia desregulada contribuye al envejecimiento y las enfermedades relacionadas con el envejecimiento.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para proporcionar una visión general de la senescencia celular.
  • Para resaltar el doble papel de la senescencia en la salud y la enfermedad.
  • Para discutir las implicaciones de la senescencia en el proceso de envejecimiento.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de la literatura y síntesis de las investigaciones actuales sobre la senescencia celular.
  • Análisis de la participación de la senescencia en diversos contextos biológicos.
  • Concéntrese en los hallazgos clave de estudios recientes.

Principales resultados:

  • La senescencia celular es una respuesta biológica conservada con efectos dependientes del contexto.
  • La senescencia puede actuar como un mecanismo supresor de tumores pero también impulsa el envejecimiento y las enfermedades crónicas.
  • La comprensión de las vías de senescencia es crucial para las intervenciones terapéuticas.

Conclusiones:

  • La senescencia celular es un proceso fundamental con implicaciones significativas para la salud y la esperanza de vida.
  • Dirigirse a las vías de senescencia ofrece estrategias terapéuticas potenciales para las afecciones relacionadas con la edad.
  • Se necesita más investigación para dilucidar completamente las funciones complejas de la senescencia.