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El carbono de subducción
Terry Plank1, Craig E Manning2
1Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA. tplank@ldeo.columbia.edu.
Nature
|October 18, 2019
Resumen
La Tierra alberga un ciclo oculto de carbono donde megatones de carbono entran en zonas de subducción anualmente. Este proceso influye en los niveles de dióxido de carbono y oxígeno atmosféricos, impactando la historia geológica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Geoquímica
- Ciencias de la Tierra
- Volcanología
Sus antecedentes:
- Una cantidad significativa de carbono ingresa anualmente a las zonas de subducción de la Tierra.
- Este carbono subducido influye en la composición atmosférica y el equilibrio de carbono a largo plazo de la Tierra.
- Comprender el destino del carbono subducido es crucial para comprender los ciclos biogeoquímicos globales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Elucidar los procesos que rigen el movimiento y la transformación del carbono dentro de las zonas de subducción.
- Investigar las fuentes y los mecanismos de reciclaje del dióxido de carbono emitido por los volcanes de arco.
- Analizar la variabilidad global de la entrada de carbono y la remobilización en márgenes convergentes.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de los procesos geológicos implicados en el transporte de carbono a las zonas de subducción.
- Análisis de la transformación del carbono subducido en fluidos, magmas, gases volcánicos y diamantes.
- Examen de la composición de los gases volcánicos y su relación con los materiales subducidos.
Principales resultados:
- El carbono entra en las zonas de subducción a través de microfósiles, materia orgánica y precipitados de carbonato.
- Las emisiones de dióxido de carbono volcánico provienen principalmente de materiales subducidos reciclados.
- La transformación y liberación de carbono varían significativamente en diferentes zonas de subducción a nivel mundial.
Conclusiones:
- Las zonas de subducción actúan como conductos críticos para un ciclo de carbono oculto dentro de la Tierra.
- El reciclaje de carbono subducido impacta significativamente los niveles de CO2 y O2 atmosféricos a lo largo de la historia de la Tierra.
- Los márgenes convergentes sirven como laboratorios naturales para estudiar el complejo ciclo del carbono de subducción.
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